This assignment aims to practice using the primary scientific literature to learn more about a topic of interest.
Topic
In Module 1, we learned about prokaryotic cells and how some bacteria use extracellular structures to attach to surfaces and other cells forming a biofilm. The formation of biofilms is known to be associated with certain human diseases.
Tasks
- Watch a set of videos to learn more about what biofilms are and how they form. The first video, (4:48) was made by the University of Edinburgh. It explains how biofilms form, their advantages to the microbial community, the problems they cause in human and animal hosts, and how they can be used to solve societal problems. The second video, (6:00) includes interviews with biofilm research scientists.
- Download the review article Vestby, L. K., Grnseth, T., Simm, R., & Nesse, L. L. (2020). . Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 9(2), 59. Since this is a review article, it is considered a secondary scientific resource and is rather lengthy. Read the Abstract and Introduction sections of the paper and examine Table 1. Select a biofilm-associated disease listed in Table 1 that you would like to learn more about.
- Write a short report that includes the following:
- “What I Know” summarizing what you currently know about biofilms.
- “What I Want to Know” identifying which biofilm-associated disease you plan to investigate. Formulate a question you would like to research and list at least three search terms you can use to investigate your selected biofilm-associated disease.
- “What I Found” providing a link to a primary scientific research article that reports on the biofilm-associated disease you selected. Recall that a primary scientific report is written by the scientist(s) who perform the experiments and will include both a Methods section and a Results section.
- “What I Learned” reporting, in your own words, on what you learned from the primary scientific research article.
- Save your report with your name and the name of the assignment, such as “K. Kinkade – Primary Research Report – Biofilms,” and then submit your saved document here.
Grading Criteria
Reports will be graded using the Biofilm-associated Disease Report Rubric below.

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