article review

The Welfare State and Evaluation of the Process of Guaranteeing

Survival in the Liberal Economy and Democratization (Case Study:

Baath Party of Iraq)

Morteza Bandari1

, Habibollah Abolhassan Shirazi2

, Abdolreza Alishahi3

1

PhD in International Relations, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz branch, Ahvaz, Iran.

2

Professor, Department of International Relations, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

3

PhD in Political Science, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran.

Received: 01 September 2025 Accepted: 16 September 2025 Published: 24 September 2025

Corresponding Author: Morteza Bandari, PhD in International Relations, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz branch, Ahvaz, Iran.

Abstract

The concept of the welfare state implies the realization of two main and important issues. The first is the

governments intervention, commitment and responsibility in providing the minimum living needs of citizens

regardless of their race, religion, ethnicity and social class, and the second is the effort to realize democracy.

At the beginning, this concept was noticed and welcomed by many countries of the world in such a way that

many societies tried to implement the welfare state in their political system, but the fact is that some countries,

such as Sweden, had a successful experience of realizing the welfare state, and others, such as Iraq During

Saddams time, they did not succeed in this field. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to answer this

main question: How can we evaluate the process of realizing the welfare state in Iraq during the Saddam

era, considering the dual indicators? The hypothesis of the research implies that the Baath Party, despite its

attention and desire for socialist foundations and the welfare state, implemented a completely different reading

of this issue in the political-social system of Iraq in such a way that it had minimal success in providing the

minimum life needs of the deprived Iraqi society. But not only was it not successful in the concept of democracy,

but it turned into one of the most totalitarian political systems. The findings of the research, emphasizing the

concept of political culture, the use of historical sociology methods and library sources, showed that the Baath

Party, regarding the index of guaranteeing survival in a liberal economy centered on distributive justice And

the transparency of financial resources has been an unsuccessful process and in relation to the effort to remove

deprivation in Iraq, it has been a relatively successful process, but in the issue of democracy, due to the closed

and submissive political culture of the Iraqi society, the process of rotation of power and the participation of

political spectrums, and the process of monitoring and inspecting the performance of the rulers. It has been a

completely unsuccessful process.

Keywords: Totalitarianism, Baath Party, Democracy, Welfare State, Iraq.

JEL Classification: B55, D60, E61.

Citation: Morteza Bandari, Habibollah Abolhassan Shirazi, Abdolreza Alishahi. The Welfare State and Evaluation of the Process of Guaranteeing

Survival in the Liberal Economy and Democratization (Case Study: Baath Party of Iraq). Journal of International Politics. 2025;6(2): 01-13.

The Author(s) 2025. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distributi

Hi, I need help writing an Article Review essay based on a specific academic article. Please follow the instructions very carefully because my professor requires a very strict structure and format.

ARTICLE INFORMATION

The APA reference of the article must appear at the beginning of the essay (not at the end).

Bandari, M., Abolhassan Shirazi, H., & Alishahi, A. (2025). The welfare state and evaluation of the process of guaranteeing survival in the liberal economy and democratization (Case study: Baath Party of Iraq). Journal of International Politics, 6(2), 113.

STRUCTURE REQUIREMENTS

1. Title
2. Use this format:

A Review of The Welfare State and Evaluation of the Process of Guaranteeing Survival in the Liberal Economy and Democratization (Case Study: Baath Party of Iraq)

1. Bibliographic Information
2. Provide the full APA reference at the beginning of the essay.
3. Introduction (34 sentences only)

The introduction must include:

The authors full name and academic credentials

The general topic of the article

The authors perspective or analytical approach

A thesis statement that evaluates the article

1. Thesis Statement

The thesis must follow the although evaluation format and include specific evaluation criteria (MEOW).

Example pattern:

Although Bandari et al. (2025) occasionally use dense academic language that can reduce readability, the article is effective because it presents a clear organizational structure and supports its argument with substantial scholarly evidence.

1. Summary Paragraph

Write one summary paragraph explaining how the authors develop their argument.

Requirements:

First state the main thesis of the article

Then explain how the authors develop their argument step-by-step

Use reporting verbs and time transition words

Examples of reporting verbs:

asserts, explains, begins, expands, analyzes, suggests, concludes

Examples of transitions:

At first, Then, After that, Finally

The summary must include:

the main argument

the research methodology (how the research was conducted)

the main findings or results

Important:

The summary should explain only the general argument.

Do not include detailed examples or analysis.

1. Evaluation Paragraphs (MEOW Criteria)

Write evaluation body paragraphs based on the MEOW criteria used in the thesis.

Evaluation criteria to use:

1. Organization
2. Evaluate whether the article presents ideas in a clear and logical structure.
3. Use of Evidence
4. Evaluate whether the authors support their arguments with strong research discussion, theory, and reliable sources.

Each evaluation paragraph must follow this structure:

Assertion

State the evaluation criterion and your judgment.

Explanation

Explain the criterion and why it matters.

Evidence 1

Provide a quotation or specific reference from the article.

Discussion 1

Explain how the evidence supports your evaluation.

Evidence 2

Provide another quotation or reference from the article.

Discussion 2

Explain how the second evidence supports your evaluation.

Each paragraph must include two quotations from the article.

1. Conclusion

Write a short conclusion that:

Restates the overall evaluation of the article

Explains the usefulness of the article

Recommends the article to a specific audience (students, researchers, or the general public)

1. Length and Style Requirements

Use formal academic English

Follow the structure exactly

Total length: about 1000 words

The APA reference must be placed at the beginning of the essay

1. Article PDF Requirement

I will also submit the PDF copy of the assigned article.

Please highlight the important sentences or quotations in the article that are used as evidence for the evaluation paragraphs.