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An example of a situation where two people could have a differing viewpoint on the same issue could be when they come across information on social media about a controversial issue, like climate change or a political event. For instance, two students could search for the same information on social media sites like TikTok or Twitter (X), and depending on their prior interactions on the sites, they could be shown completely different information. One student, who has previously interacted with videos about environmental activism, could be shown videos about the evidence for climate change, while the other student, who has previously interacted with videos about political activism, could be shown videos about the lack of evidence for climate change. This scenario is similar to the 6 vs. 9 scenario, where two people could be standing on opposite sides of the same number. The first person is seeing a 6, and the second is seeing a 9. Both of their views are technically accurate from their point of view. In a digital world, an algorithm is similar to the position. It is what determines what we are initially exposed to and how we process that in relation to our understanding of a particular issue.
Personal Lenses and Digital Systems are interconnected in relation to how we understand something to be true. Personal lenses include personal experiences, beliefs, cultural background, and prior knowledge. Digital systems include a search engine or a recommendation system that filters information based on user behavior. When a digital system recognizes what a user tends to click on or watch, it tends to show more of that type of content in the future. In essence, a user ends up in a type of bubble called a filter bubble, where they are mostly exposed to content that is in agreement with their existing beliefs. They can then feel confident in their understanding of an issue because most of the information they are exposed to confirms their beliefs. Utilitarian ethics dictate that a platform or institution should strive to create a system that provides the greatest good for the greatest number of people. However, if a system merely confirms existing beliefs, then it can actually contribute to misinformation and division. Utilitarian ethics dictate that a platform should strive for accurate information and a variety of viewpoints in order to make a decision for the best good of society.
Ultimately, both personal beliefs and digital systems contribute to how people understand information, thus explaining why sincere disagreements can occur even when people feel as though they are seeing the same reality.

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